The 180 Degree Rule is a principle used in the film making industry that was invented to maintain the same left and right relationship between two characters. Therefore if an over the shoulder shot is taken switching from behind each of the two characters; the 180 Degree Rule will allow the conversation to look like the two characters are opposite each other, rather than standing side by side.
If the camera passes the invisible axis, breaking the 180 Degree Rule the camera shot then becomes a reverse shot. This is commonly used in films, for example when a car is driving in one direction, they can cross the 180 axis to make a reverse shot. Therefore making the car look like it is going in the opposite direction.
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